Butterfly pees, turns, and drinks its pee ....

Question:
OK, here's one you may never have heard before, and my husband and I are very curious about it.


While rocking on the porch a butterfly landed on a paper I was holding. Several times it released from its butt a golden orb of liquid (urine?) then sucked it up with its proboscis. When i finally had enough of that it flew to my husband's hand and proceeded to do the same thing? What in the world was that about?

Hope you can help.

 
Answer:
You’re right, I’ve not been asked this one! I’ll send it on to some lepidopterists that I know and see what they say.


I do know that a butterfly will pee on carrion and fruit/food that hasn’t liquefied enough for it to eat. The pee dissolves the meat/fruit/whatever a bit so they can drink it back up. I’ve never seen it and found your experience fascinating! Were you sweating out in the heat? Could the sweat have dried too much and the butterfly decided to pee to dissolve the salt from sweat to drink it? Butterflies (males) love sweat.

I’ll contact you if I find out more. How fascinating!

Here is a photo of a Pipevine Swallowtail butterfly peeing.

Response:
This is Ron ( the husband in question). It was a hot day; I was not sweating noticeably but obviously on a day such as that I had been producing insensible perspiration all afternoon. Dried salt on my skin is pretty much a certainty (invisible but certain). I believe that you have a good explanation here. Why it was doing that on the paper is a mystery in its own right; possibly some salt or salt analogue is used in processing or sizing it? White paper, in case you wondered.

Answer:
Several chemicals are used in making paper, including clays and bleach.  Dried bleach becomes salt.  I don't know if the paper you were holding contained any salt, of course.  I'm waiting for a reply from someone who may have a more complete answer.  Watch here for the update.  You have me quite curious ...

My small caterpillar sometimes hangs from a thin string. Is there something wrong with it?

Question:
My small caterpillar sometimes hangs from a thin string. Is there something wrong with it?

Answer:
No, it is fine! 

Caterpillars will drop by a strand of silk for several reasons including:


• They were disturbed by something and simply drop to get away from perceived danger

• They want to move lower

• They lose their grip accidentally



They’ll climb back up the string to the leaf.

Gulf Fritillary caterpillars, chrysalides, and emerging adults ...

Question:
I had a bunch of gulf fritillary caterpillars eating the leaves (of passionvine). I watched a couple get real big. I have yet to see any chrysalis around. I have a big frog and a million lizards so they may be eating them. However, I do have one adult Gulf Frittilary which buzzes around for a few minutes in the late afternoon. I never seen it land on anything though I have about 6 mature pentas and about 8'x3' (x 2' high) of lantanas. All the plants are very healthy and were purchased locally at a mom and pop nursery who also have millions of adult butterflies and caterpillars. They control the caterpillars by picking them off and therefore use no chemicals or BT.


My questions is: Do the Gulf Frittilaries LOVE a certain plant because the loner I have here seems to pass it up like an Eskimo passing up a store which sells ice.

A second concern is that I have had over 24 large "healthy" monarch caterpillars on my milkweeds at a time (and a lot more smaller ones still growing). Most have seemed to have vanished. About 5 or so reached chrysalis. Of those, none have made it to adulthood. One just came out this am and when I checked on it around 2pm it was flopping around on the ground like its wings were not fully mature. Its 615pm and its about dead. Another one made it out but was found inside the BBQ storage cabinet under the grill dried up. A third one never made it out and had maggots.

My question: Is this normal?

Answer:
Many times Gulfs do stay near the vine when they pupate, but often they wander over 100 feet from the vine to pupate, often in hidden areas. Of course wasps (#1 enemy), frogs, lizards, birds, and other predators take a toll on butterfly numbers. http://www.butterflyfunfacts.com/caterpillarpredators.php


Males tend to hang around the plant but really don’t do much. They’re looking for females. Their instinct leads them to passionvine. Females tend to lay eggs next to the plant on anything (including people) including the plant itself. Many (if not most) Gulf Fritillary eggs are laid off the plant. 

Flopping around usually means that either it ate leaves late in caterpillar life that had insecticide with a colon esterase inhibitor or a spider, ants, or other such critter got it. It’s sad to see. Sometimes a deformed pupa or a disease such as OE (Ophryocystis electroskirrha) can cause deformed wings where the butterfly can’t fly. 

Maggots are very normal.  They cat the inside of the chrysalis - the developing butterfly. The maggots are normally chalcid wasps (although there are other critters like tachind flies that do the same thing). The little wasp lays eggs in a soft chrysalis. It’s all over in nature. http://www.butterflyfunfacts.com/chalcid.php

The good news is that all the above nasty things that happen to butterflies is the reason we still have butterflies in the world! http://www.butterflyfunfacts.com/butterfly-enemies.php

Our little critters have so much against them ..

Butterflies without nectar for days - what happens?

Q:  Are butterflies able to go days without nectar while it is raining for days on end with Alex stalled in the Gulf?

A.  Butterflies roost in the rain. Roosting is simply butterflies sitting with wings folded over their backs.  If water is within reach, as it would be in the rain, they can simply uncurl their proboscis and drink water.  It's not unusual for a butterfly to occasionally drink rainwater instead of nectar. 

If temperatures are cool, butterflies can live for quite a while without any water whatsoever. 

There are weeks in Florida where rain falls for a week, off and on.  It's so wet that butterflies won't fly for the entire week.  As soon as the sun is out and butterflies wings are dry, they'll fly to drink nectar.

Where would you suggest I start my butterfly education?

Comment:
Hello Edith,
We live in Southeastern Pa and have a couple of acres of mostly large oak trees and a fair amount of tranquility. I would like my granddaughters to have the joy of learning about butterflys and their development. Where would you suggest I start my education. Which tools will be most usefull.

Answer: 
The first thing is to learn which butterflies are in your area.  This link will answer that question for you.   http://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/map?ds=39&_dcs=1 Local libraries may have books that focus on butterflies in PA.

Next, plant a garden with plants butterflies need: BOTH host and nectar plants. They need nectar plants (although there are quite a few in nature that we call 'weeds'). But most important are host plants - the plants that the caterpillars eat. Each species is very specific about which plant the caterpillars eat. The mom butterfly lays eggs on those plants only. If you plant the plants, the butterflies will come. Absolutely.

Once you have the plants planted, remember that they are insects. Insecticides will kill them! A plant with holes in the leaf may mean that a caterpillar is eating and growing into a butterfly.

You'll have fun!

Preserving Butterfly and Moth Caterpillars

"I am working with a 4-H Entomology group and wondered about the current best method for preserving butterfly or moth caterpillers to exhibit in a collection. Do you know anything about that?"

A researcher wrote recently about some unusual caterpillars I was raising.  When I have extras, I will send him some for his studies and records.  He wrote, "Drop the larva into water just poured from a boiling kettle into a petri dish (jar lid). It will clench then relax elongated dead and fixed. Don’t let it sit in the water but put it into a screw cap vial of rubbing alcohol.”

I haven't tried it yet but he uses this method when he has reason to preserve a caterpillar.

Dark Form American Snout Caterpillar

Aphids and Milkweed

>>>>Please Help,  My milkweed is infested with aphids and there is caterpillars on the plant. What do I do? I have a 2500 square foot butterfly garden and the aphids are only on the milkweed.  I need to feed monarchs that are in my 4 foot square butterfly cage also.<<<<

Aphids are a nightmare! When they first start and you don't think they can do much damage but they can destroy the growing tips of milkweed and oleander plants.  The milkweed/oleander aphid is not native to the US and give live birth - without mating.  From what we understand, there are ZERO males of this species in the wild in the US.

It is said that when aphids are not available, however, that some aphid predators will eat Monarch and Queen young caterpillars.

There are many natural predators but of course they don't keep them under total control.  Green lacewings, hover flies, and lady bug nymphs are only a few of their natural predators. 

Insecticidal soap or Malathion can kill aphids.  We highly recommend removing caterpillars from the plants before treating the plants.  Cover the plants with a sheet for 1/2 hour, remove the sheet, and rinse thoroughly.  After a thorough rinse, the caterpillars can be safely returned to the plants. 

~Edith